Vedic Math Sutra
The system is based on sixteen Vedic sutras or aphorisms, which are actually word-formulae describing natural ways of solving a whole range of mathematical problems.
Sutra and Translation
Nikhilam Navatascaramam Dasatah
All from nine and last from ten
Ekanyunena Purvena
By one less than one before
Paravartya Yojayet
Transpose and apply
Dwandwa Yoga
Duplex combination process
Dhvajanka
On the top of the flag
Antyayovera
Only the last two digits
Anurupyena
Proportionately
Ekadhikena Purvena
By one more than the one before
Yavadunam
By the defeciency
Sankalana Vyavakalanabhyam
By addition and subtraction
Sopantyadvayamantyam
The ultimate and twice the penultimate
Urdhvatiryagbhyam
Vertical and crosswise
Antyayordasake pi
Last totalling to ten
Vilokanam
By mere observation
Yavadunam Tavadunikrtya Varganca Yojayet
Whatever the extent of its deficiency lessen by that amount, and set of the square of that defeciency.